The
Frontier Research in Economic and Social History (FRESH) Meeting took place at
the
University of Barcelona from December 3-4, 2015. Two keynote lectures and
16 presentations focused on the workshop theme “Economic History of Education” and
constituted a dense and inspiring program.
University of Barcelona |
The meeting started off with a very inspiring keynote
by David Mitch (UMBC Maryland)
giving an overview on how the field of “Economic History of Education” had developed
during the last 50 years. The keynote’s guiding idea was to contrast the
“Economic History of Education” with the developments in financial economic
history. When Francesco Cinnirella
(ifo Institute) concluded the meeting with the second keynote, focusing on the
developments in the field during the past decade and outlining the open topics
in the field, it was encouraging to see that most of the topics outlined had been
addressed by one of the 16 contributions during the meeting.
How institutions might shape the supply and demand of
education was addressed in several papers. In the presentation on “Does
centralization foster human capital accumulation? Quasi-experimental evidence
from Italy’s Liberal Age”, Gabriele
Cappelli (University of Tuebingen) discussed a reform in early 20th
century Italy that allowed municipalities to introduce school autonomy. Nuno Palma (University of Groningen)
investigated how growing up under a more or a less autocratic regime in
Portugal in the early 20th century affected literacy in his
presentation on “A tale of two regimes: educational achievement and
institutions in Portugal, 1910-1950”. A lively debate evolved after the presentation
on whether Portugal in the early 20th century could still be
understood as a developing country making the use of height as a measure of
living standards viable. Giovanni
Prarolo’s (University of Bologna) presentation on “Eight Centuries of Exposure
to Pre-Industrial Politico-Economic Institutions and Current Socio-Economic
Development. Disaggregated Analysis for Italy” evolved around the question
whether pre-industrial institutions in Italy might explain tax evasion today
which gave way for further presentations on the matter of persistence.
Felipe
Valencia (University of Bonn) presented his paper on “The Mission: Human Capital Transmission,
Economic Persistence and Culture in South America” which investigates whether
the missions of the Jesuit order in South America had long run-effects on
educational outcomes and income.
Piotr
Kory (University of Warsaw) and Izabela Korys (National Library of Poland) equally concentrated on
long-run effects, by looking at the consequences of the Polish partitions on
book reading as a measure of social cohesion in today’s Poland in their
presentation on “Literacy, education and development in Polish regions. Do we
really observe the long-term effects of partitions?”.
The presentation by Paola Azar (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) on “Efficiency gains
and fiscal effort Evidence for public education spending (1970 – 2010)” shifted
the focus to the financing of education in Latin America. Dacil
Juif’s (University of Wageningen) presentation on “The
Human Capital of Iberian Jews and Other Minorities during the Inquisition Era”
added the aspect of religion to the process of human capital acquisition by
using data from the Inquisition’s trials to measure the human capital level of
Jews as compared to other parts of the Spanish population.
University of Barcelona |
Chiara
Martinelli (Central Library, Council of the European Union)
presented a new dataset on industrial schools in Italy and described the
enlargement of industrial and artistic industrial schools in her presentation
on “Did Industrial Workers Attend Industrial Schools? A Dataset on Industrial
and Artistic Industrial Schools in Italy”.
My (Ruth Maria
Schueler, Ifo Institute) presentation shifted the focus to the
non-cognitive outcomes of education in the presentation “Nation Building and
Social Capital in Prussia: The Role of Education” by investigating whether a
higher share of state funds in educational expenditures succeeded in aligning
Prussian voters with the state’s ideology.
Finally, a last set of papers evolved around the
topics of health and fertility.
Anastasia
Driva (University of Munich) investigated the effects of a
health reform in Imperial Germany on mortality in the presentation “Compulsory
Health Insurance and Mortality”. Maarit
Olkkola (UPF and National Institute for Health and Welfare) looked at a
special form of birth care in Finland in her presentation on “Poor Cognition –
Early-life Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Abilities in Adulthood. The
Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 1934–1939”. Finally, Philipp Ager (University of Southern Denmark) investigated the interplay
of agricultural income and fertility.
Not only the range of topics within the field of the
“Economic History of Education” which was covered by the presentations was
showing an encouraging development in the field, many presentations at the same
time also introduced new datasets.
The conference dinner at the seashore of Barcelona
nicely complemented the dense program and the local organizers Alfonso Herranz-Loncán
and Sergio Espuelas Barroso ensured a smooth sequence of the workshop. Martin Uebele (University of Groningen) represented
the FRESH board.
This blog post was written by Ruth Schüler, Junior Economist and Doctoral Student at Ifo Institute Munich
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